History of the development of busbar protection

History of the development of busbar protection

Team member:

1. Abdul Lauhil Mahfud (18.20.201.051)
2. Aziz Imannudin (18.20.201.024)
3. Iqbal Majid Zulvikar (18.20201.003)

History of the development of busbar protection

            Up to the mid 1930’s, no widescale efforts had been made to protect busbars on a unit basis. Also there was reluctance in arranging one protective equipment to cause simultaneous tripping of a large number of circuits.

                Before the British Grid System was built in the early 1930s, many undertakings ran isolated from adjacent ones, and so the power available for busbar faults was often relatively small, and damage due to these faults was generally not extensive.

                By the late 1930’s, the British Power Systems were extensively interconnected, with a consequent increase in fault power.

                A number of busbar faults occurred about this time, but due to their relatively slow clearance from the system by overcurrent and earth-fault relays, considerable damage resulted, especially in indoor stations. These faults led to efforts being made to produce busbar protection in such a form that it could be widely applied without itself being a further hazard to the system.

Construction of the British 275 kV supergrid system began in about 1953, by which time standard principles of busbar protection had been adopted for outdoor switchgear at the higher voltages.

                At this time the emphasis was placed on the avoidance of unwanted operations in order to give maximum security of supply.

                With the introduction of 400 kV substations in the 1960’s, the transient stability of generators became the more important consideration and this led to a change of emphasis so that fast operating times and reliable operation would be obtained for a fault occurring within the protected zone, which in this case would be the busbars and switchgear.

5 W 1 H SENTENCES

What happened in the mid 1930’s ?

Who is the reason for the change of the emphasis?

where is busbar fault usually happen?

when was the british system built?

why the consequent of fault power is increase ?

How was busbar protection developed?

1.What happened in the mid 1930’s ?

                Up to the mid 1930’s, no widescale efforts had been made to protect busbars on a unit basis.

2.Who is the reason for the change of the emphasis?

The reason is busbars and switchgear

3.Where does busbar fault usually happen?

Busbar fault usually happens in the indoor station

4.When was the british power system built ?

The british power system was built in the early of 1930s

5.Why did fault power  increase ?

Because by the late 1930’s, the British Power Systems were extensively interconnected

6.How was busbar protection developed?

In the late 1930’s, the British Power Systems were extensively interconnected, then in 1953 construction of the British 275 kV supergrid system was built. And in 1960, 400 kV substations was introduce.

Verbal and nominal Sentences identification form

No	Setences	Identify
1.	Up to the mid 1930’s, no widescale efforts had been made to protect busbar on a unit basis.	Verbal
2.	Busbar fault usually happen in the indoor station	Nominal
3.	The british power system built in the early of 1930s	Verbal
4.	because the British Power Systems were extensively interconnected	Verbal

Active and pasive sentence identification

Sentences	Indentify
The british power system was built in the early of 1930s	Active
In the early of 1930s The british power system was built	Passive
Construction of the British 275 kV supergrid system began in about 1953	Passive
in 1953 a construction of the British 275 kV supergrid system was built	Active

Sentences and pattern identification

No	Sentences	Indentify
1.	By the late 1930’s, the British Power Systems were extensively interconnected, with a consequent increase in fault power.	Past Tense (pasive)
	By the late 1930’s (adv of time), the British Power Systems (S) were extensively interconnected (V2), with a consequent increase in fault power.

Reason why the author using this tenses (past tense)

The article is using past tense and the past is used because it’s a story and as such it has already happened. Some authors like to play around with story telling conventions, such as narrative, (past) grammar.